[Editorial] Rewarding true inquiry and diligence in research (Lancet)

On May 31, about 600 delegates from over 50 countries and all continents will gather in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for the 4th World Conference on Research Integrity. The inaugural 1st World Conference was held in Lisbon, Portugal, 8 years ago. Attendees heard debates about whether scientific misconduct needed to be addressed or whether science could keep its own house in order. Examples of egregious misconduct featured strongly. And although the main goal of the first conference was to raise awareness of the importance of research integrity globally, the emphasis was on misconduct, its definitions and causes.