Remote Sensing, Vol. 10, Pages 816: Bilateral Filter Regularized L2 Sparse Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Hyperspectral Unmixing (Remote Sensing)

Hyperspectral unmixing (HU) is one of the most active hyperspectral image (HSI) processing research fields, which aims to identify the materials and their corresponding proportions in each HSI pixel. The extensions of the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) have been proved effective for HU, which usually uses the sparsity of abundances and the correlation between the pixels to alleviate the non-convex problem. However, the commonly used L 1 / 2 sparse constraint will introduce an additional local minima because of the non-convexity, and the correlation between the pixels is not fully utilized because of the separation of the spatial and structural information. To overcome these limitations, a novel bilateral filter regularized L 2 sparse NMF is proposed for HU. Firstly, the L 2 -norm is utilized in order to improve the sparsity of the abundance matrix. Secondly, a bilateral filter regularizer is adopted so as to explore both the spatial information and the manifold structure of the abundance maps. In addition, NeNMF is used to solve the object function in order to improve the convergence rate. The results of the simulated and real data experiments have demonstrated the advantage of the proposed method.