Toxins, Targets, and Triggers: An Overview of Toxin-Antitoxin Biology (Molecular Cell)

Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are abundant genetic elements encoding a toxin that inhibits cell growth and an antitoxin that counteracts the toxin. Harms et al. review recent developments in the field and highlight how multiple levels of regulation control toxin activation to accomplish the diverse biological functions of TA modules.