Oligoadenylate-Synthetase-Family Protein OASL Inhibits Activity of the DNA Sensor cGAS during DNA Virus Infection to Limit Interferon Production (Immunity)

The interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene OASL enhances RNA-sensor RIG-I-mediated IFN induction to inhibit RNA virus replication. In contrast, Ghosh et al. show that during DNA virus infection, OASL binds to the DNA sensor cGAS to inhibit IFN induction and enhance DNA virus replication. These findings highlight the distinct regulation of IFN induction by OASL during RNA and DNA virus infection.