Fold-change detection of NF-?B at target genes with different transcript outputs (Biophysical Journal)

The transcription factor NF-?B promotes inflammatory and stress-responsive gene transcription across a range of cell types in response to the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Although NF-?B signaling exhibits significant variability across single cells, some target genes supporting high levels of TNF-inducible transcription exhibit fold-change detection of NF-?B, which may buffer against stochastic variation in signaling molecules. It is unknown if fold-change detection is maintained at NF-?B target genes with low levels of TNF-inducible transcription, for which stochastic promoter events may be more pronounced.