For more than 30yr, platinum-based chemotherapy was the major treatment option for advanced urothelial cancer (UC). While platinum-based chemotherapy is associated with a relatively high response rate, response durations are generally short and the vast majority of patients experience disease progression. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has changed the landscape of treatment for advanced UC [1]. Since 2016, five anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have received regulatory authority approval in the platinum-refractory setting; two of these agents have also been approved in the first-line setting for cisplatin-ineligible patients.