Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Pages 2173: Ship Detection in Optical Satellite Images via Directional Bounding Boxes Based on Ship Center and Orientation Prediction (Remote Sensing)

To accurately detect ships of arbitrary orientation in optical remote sensing images, we propose a two-stage CNN-based ship-detection method based on the ship center and orientation prediction. Center region prediction network and ship orientation classification network are constructed to generate rotated region proposals, and then we can predict rotated bounding boxes from rotated region proposals to locate arbitrary-oriented ships more accurately. The two networks share the same deconvolutional layers to perform semantic segmentation for the prediction of center regions and orientations of ships, respectively. They can provide the potential center points of the ships helping to determine the more confident locations of the region proposals, as well as the ship orientation information, which is beneficial to the more reliable predetermination of rotated region proposals. Classification and regression are then performed for the final ship localization. Compared with other typical object detection methods for natural images and ship-detection methods, our method can more accurately detect multiple ships in the high-resolution remote sensing image, irrespective of the ship orientations and a situation in which the ships are docked very closely. Experiments have demonstrated the promising improvement of ship-detection performance.