Energies, Vol. 12, Pages 3609: Evaluating the Efficiency of Transit-Oriented Development Using Network Slacks-Based Data Envelopment Analysis (Energies)

The purpose of this research is to evaluate transit-oriented development (TOD) efficiency in Seoul using the network slacks-based measure data envelopment analysis (NSBM DEA) model. The smartcard data and socio-economic data are used to evaluate the transit efficiency of 352 subway station areas in Seoul. To measure the TOD efficiency, the two-stage network is designed with the transit design stage and the transit efficiency stage. The overall efficiency score of each station area is estimated through each score of the stage. The results of the efficiency evaluation by station area indicate that the overall efficiency score average is 0.349, with the transit design score and efficiency score estimated to be 0.453 and 0.245, respectively. The results indicate that the balance of each stage is crucial to achieve an efficient station in the concept of transit efficiency. With the efficiency scores of the 352 subway station areas, the TOD efficiency is also evaluated by the administrative units in Seoul. The results of district analysis reveal that the top 10 efficient administrative units are characterized by both residential and commercial land use. The results indicate that efficiency is found to be good in areas having both residential and commercial characteristics.