Energies, Vol. 12, Pages 3909: Numerical Analysis of End-Gas Autoignition and Pressure Oscillation in a Downsized SI Engine Using Large Eddy Simulation (Energies)

Knock and super-knock are abnormal combustion phenomena in engines, however, they are hard to study comprehensively through optical experimental methods due to their inherent destructive nature. In present work, the methodology of large eddy simulation (LES) coupled with G equations and a detailed mechanism of primary reference fuel (PRF) combustion is utilized to address the mechanisms of knock and super-knock phenomena in a downsized spark ignition gasoline engine. The knock and super-knock with pressure oscillation are qualitatively duplicated through present numerical models. As a result, the combustion and onset of autoignition is more likely to occur at top dead center (TDC), which causes end gas at a higher temperature and pressure. It is reasonable to conclude that the intensity of knock is not only proportional to the mass fraction of mixtures burned by the autoignition flame but the thermodynamics of the unburned end-gas mixture, and the effect of thermodynamics is more important. It also turns out that two auto-ignitions occur in conventional knock conditions, while only one auto-ignition takes place in super-knock conditions. However, the single autoignition couples with the pressure wave and they reinforce each other, which eventually evolves into detonation combustion. This work gives the valuable insights into knock phenomena in spark ignition gasoline engines.