Energies, Vol. 13, Pages 486: Prediction of Reservoir Quality from Log-Core and Seismic Inversion Analysis with an Artificial Neural Network: A Case Study from the Sawan Gas Field, Pakistan (Energies)

This paper presents a novel approach that aims to predict better reservoir quality regions from seismic inversion and spatial distribution of key reservoir properties from well logs. The reliable estimation of lithology and reservoir parameters at sparsely located wells in the Sawan gas field is still a considerable challenge. This is due to three main reasons: (a) the extreme heterogeneity in the depositional environments, (b) sand-shale intercalations, and (c) repetition of textural changes from fine to coarse sandstone and very coarse sandstone in the reservoir units. In this particular study, machine learning (ML) inversion algorithm was selected to predict the spatial variations of acoustic impedance (AI), porosity, and saturation. While trained in a supervised mode, the support vector machine (SVM) inversion algorithm performed effectively in identifying and mapping individual reservoir properties to delineate and quantify fluid-rich zones. Meanwhile, the Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) and Gaussian Indicator Simulation (GIS) algorithms were employed to determine the spatial variability of lithofacies and porosity from well logs and core analyses data. The calibration of the detailed spatial variations from post-stack seismic inversion using SVM and wireline logs data indicated an appropriate agreement, i.e., variations in AI is related to the variations in reservoir facies and parameters. From the current study, it was concluded that in a highly heterogeneous reservoir, the integration of SVM and GIS algorithms is a reliable approach to achieve the best estimation of the spatial distribution of detailed reservoir characteristics. The results obtained in this study would also be helpful to minimize the uncertainty in drilling, production, and injection in the Sawan gas field of Pakistan as well as other reservoirs worldwide with similar geological settings.