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RSS FeedsIJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 752: Constitutive Activation of Guanylate Cyclase by the G86R GCAP1 Variant Is Due to `Locking` Cation-? Interactions that Impair the Activator-to-Inhibitor Structural Transition (International Journal of Molecular Sciences)

 
 

23 january 2020 20:00:29

 
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 752: Constitutive Activation of Guanylate Cyclase by the G86R GCAP1 Variant Is Due to `Locking` Cation-? Interactions that Impair the Activator-to-Inhibitor Structural Transition (International Journal of Molecular Sciences)
 


Guanylate Cyclase activating protein 1 (GCAP1) mediates the Ca2+-dependent regulation of the retinal Guanylate Cyclase (GC) in photoreceptors, acting as a target inhibitor at high [Ca2+] and as an activator at low [Ca2+]. Recently, a novel missense mutation (G86R) was found in GUCA1A, the gene encoding for GCAP1, in patients diagnosed with cone-rod dystrophy. The G86R substitution was found to affect the flexibility of the hinge region connecting the N- and C-domains of GCAP1, resulting in decreased Ca2+-sensitivity and abnormally enhanced affinity for GC. Based on a structural model of GCAP1, here, we tested the hypothesis of a cation-π interaction between the positively charged R86 and the aromatic W94 as the main mechanism underlying the impaired activator-to-inhibitor conformational change. W94 was mutated to F or L, thus, resulting in the double mutants G86R+W94L/F. The double mutants showed minor structural and stability changes with respect to the single G86R mutant, as well as lower affinity for both Mg2+ and Ca2+, moreover, substitutions of W94 abolished “phase II” in Ca2+-titrations followed by intrinsic fluorescence. Interestingly, the presence of an aromatic residue in position 94 significantly increased the aggregation propensity of Ca2+-loaded GCAP1 variants. Finally, atomistic simulations of all GCAP1 variants in the presence of Ca2+ supported the presence of two cation-π interactions involving R86, which was found to act as a bridge between W94 and W21, thus, locking the hinge region in an activator-like conformation and resulting in the constitutive activation of the target under physiological conditions.


 
318 viewsCategory: Biochemistry, Biophysics, Molecular Biology
 
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