IJERPH, Vol. 18, Pages 10823: Longitudinal Effects of Parental Academic Support on Academic Achievement in Korea: Will You Be a Companion or a Manager in Your Children`s Academic Support? (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health)

This study addresses the novel concept of two types of parental academic support (PAS), namely, as a companion and as a manager, and identifies the effect of children`s perceived PAS on their psychological attributes and academic achievements. The data include a nationally representative sample of 6836 students from the Korean Education Longitudinal Study 2013. A correlation analysis showed that the two types of PAS had a positive relation with adolescents` development; however, a structural equation model showed a negative effect of PAS as a manager. Children`s perceived PAS as managers had no effect on their self-regulation or academic achievement after 3 years, surprisingly, was found to increase their amotivation. Children`s perceived PAS as companions had a long-term, positive effect on adolescents` development and academic achievements. The results suggest that parents should recognize their children`s autonomy and provide academic support on an equal level. Further multidimensional PAS studies should be conducted with more detailed questions.