Remote Sensing, Vol. 13, Pages 4221: Potential Contributors to Common Mode Error in Array GPS Displacement Fields in Taiwan Island (Remote Sensing)

The existence of the common mode error (CME) in the continuous global navigation satellite system (GNSS) coordinate time series affects geophysical studies that use GNSS observations. To understand the potential contributors of CME in GNSS networks in Taiwan and their effect on velocity estimations, we used the principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) to filter the vertical coordinate time series from 44 high-quality GNSS stations in Taiwan island in China, with a span of 10 years. The filtering effects have been evaluated and the potential causes of the CME are analyzed. The root-mean-square values decreased by approximately 14% and 17% after spatio-temporal filtering using PCA and ICA, respectively. We then discuss the relationship between the CME sources obtained by ICA and the environmental loads. The results reveal that the independent displacements extracted by ICA correlate with the atmospheric mass loading (ATML) and land water storage mass loading (LWS) of Taiwan in terms of both its amplitude and phase. We then use the white noise plus power law noise model to quantitatively estimate the noise characteristics of the pre- and post-filtered coordinate time series based on the maximum likelihood estimation criterion. The results indicate that spatio-temporal filtering reduces the amplitude of the PL and the periodic terms in the GPS time series.