Energies, Vol. 15, Pages 7194: Residual Damage, Its Consequences, and Remedial Measures on Post Hydrofrac Well Productivity: Learnt Lessons (Energies)

Hydraulic fracturing or hydro-frac fluids can impede well production due to the damage caused to the reservoir formation and fracture face, generated from adverse interactions with reservoir rock. Understanding the mechanisms of hydraulic fracturing, optimum treatment designs, and pumping/pressure profiles is critical for hydro-frac success. However, to realize the full potential of fracturing and the mitigation strategies for reservoir and fracture conductivity damage during and after its occurrence, fracturing must be considered during the design phase itself. This article provides a brief overview of hydro-frac techniques, including design, optimization, modeling, commonly used proppants, and fracturing fluid benefits and consequences based on critically reviewed case studies. However, the primary focus of this article is on the potential of fracture conductivity damage and the intrinsic mechanisms in hydraulic fracturing. The article presents updated information on various damage mitigation processes established through laboratory investigation and field implementation. The authors expect that the provided workflow in this article will be helpful to researchers and stimulate engineers to a great extent.