Frontalis suspension surgery to treat patients with essential blepharospasm and apraxia of eyelid opening-technique and results (Head & Face Medicine)

IntroductionWe describe the results of 15 patients suffering from essential blepharospasm with apraxia of eyelid opening who underwent frontalis suspension surgery.Material and methodsPatients with apraxia no response to botulinum toxin injections were studied. Bilateral frontalis suspension surgery was performed (sling operation) using polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex(R)) sutures. The patients reported the degree of improvement using a subjective rating scale to evaluate the benefit of the operation at two times after surgery (0-10 days and 180-360 days). Results: The patients reported a high degree of subjective improvement. In the early postoperative period (0-10 days) the mean degree of subjective improvement was 75% (standard deviation (SD) 26%). At 180-360 days after surgery the mean improvement was 70% (SD 22.9%). Small hematomas of the upper lid occurred postoperatively in all patients. Other complications were suture extrusions (9.1%), suture granulomas (6.1%), lacrimation (5.0%) and local infections (7.5%). Postoperatively, all patients needed additional botulinum toxin injections for optimal outcome. Conclusion: Frontalis suspension surgery is a minimally invasive and effective treatment option for apraxia of eyelid opening in patients with essential blepharospasm unresponsive to botulinum toxin injections alone.