Sensors, Vol. 15, Pages 12022-12033: Gated Silicon Drift Detector Fabricated from a Low-Cost Silicon Wafer (Sensors)

Inexpensive high-resolution silicon (Si) X-ray detectors are required for on-site surveys of traces of hazardous elements in food and soil by measuring the energies and counts of X-ray fluorescence photons radially emitted from these elements. Gated silicon drift detectors (GSDDs) are much cheaper to fabricate than commercial silicon drift detectors (SDDs). However, previous GSDDs were fabricated from (10)-k(Omega cdot)cm Si wafers, which are more expensive than (2)-k(Omega cdot)cm Si wafers used in commercial SDDs. To fabricate cheaper portable X-ray fluorescence instruments, we investigate GSDDs formed from (2)-k(Omega cdot)cm Si wafers. The thicknesses of commercial SDDs are up to (0.5) mm, which can detect photons with energies up to (27) keV, whereas we describe GSDDs that can detect photons with energies of up to (35) keV. We simulate the electric potential distributions in GSDDs with Si thicknesses of (0.5) and (1) mm at a single high reverse bias. GSDDs with one gate pattern using any resistivity Si wafer can work well for changing the reverse bias that is inversely proportional to the resistivity of the Si wafer.