Innate Lymphoid Cells Are Depleted Irreversibly during Acute HIV-1 Infection in the Absence of Viral Suppression (Immunity)

The impact of HIV-1 on ILCs remains unknown. Kløverpris and colleagues find that ILCs are rapidly depleted from the blood of HIV-1-infected individuals during acute infection. Antiretroviral therapy initiated during acute infection but not chronic infection prevents the loss of blood ILCs, suggesting that early treatment might preserve immune homeostasis.