Colonoscopy-based colorectal cancer modeling in mice with CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing and organoid transplantation (Nature Protocols)

Colonoscopy-guided mucosal injection is used to induce site-directed tumors and to transplant tumors into the distal colons of mice. Tumors for engraftment are obtained from cancer organoids derived from mouse or human tissue and can be genetically modified before use.