Sensors, Vol. 18, Pages 1680: Laser Spectroscopic Sensors for the Development of Anthropomorphic Robot Sensitivity (Sensors)

The development of underwater robotics sensitivity, which is based on the sensors of laser spectroscopy methods, have been discussed. The ways to improve Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) methods were investigated in order to develop and create laser sensitivity for underwater robotics. A brief overview is done in the article, where LIF and LIBS spectroscopy in underwater robotics are used as spectroscopy sensors in order to investigate underwater environments by means of underwater vehicles. Limit of Detection (LoD) of oil and oil product solutions in the seawater have been detected by means of nanosecond and femtosecond spectroscopy LIF. All results, which had been received by laser pulses of different duration, were compared. The same experiments have been provided in order to measure concentrations of elements in the seawater and solutions by the LIBS method. It was discovered that the LoD of a group of elements was reduced when the femtosecond LIBS was used. Anthropomorphic complexes were under discussion in order to adopt laser spectroscopy sensors for underwater environments. The submersible module, which was constructed to investigate and examine laser spectroscopy sensors, has been described.