Management of Patients with Normal Cystoscopy but Positive Cytology or Urine Markers (European Urology Oncology)

Given high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with transurethral resection of the bladder followed by bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy, this clinical discussion reviews two ordinary follow-up scenarios: normal cystoscopy but negative urinary biomarker results, or the reverse. The conclusion is that, barring further evolution, urinary biomarkers are less authoritative than standard diagnostic procedures, but the negative predictive value of a marker might be a valid diagnostic approach in the future.