Sustainability, Vol. 11, Pages 6501: A New Strain of Bacillus tequilensis CGMCC 17603 Isolated from Biological Soil Crusts: A Promising Sand-Fixation Agent for Desertification Control (Sustainability)

In arid and semi-arid desert ecosystems, physical, chemical, and vegetative measures were used to prevent wind erosion. However, studies on the utilization of microbial resources for sand fixation are still limited. To fill this gap, a new strain of Bacillus tequilensis CGMCC 17603 with high productivity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) was isolated from biological soil crusts, and its high-density culture technology and sand-fixing ability were studied. The one-factor-at-a-time approach (OFAT) and Box–Behnken design of CGMCC 17603 showed that the optimum culture conditions were pH 8.5, temperature 31 °C, agitation speed 230 rpm, and inoculation quantity 3%, and the optimum medium was 27.25 g/L glucose, 15.90 g/L yeast extract, and 5.61 g/L MgSO4•7H2O. High-density culture showed that the biomass and EPS yield of CGMCC 17603 increased from 9.62 × 107 to 2.33 × 109 CFU/mL, and from 8.01 to 15.61 g/L, respectively. The field experiments showed that CGMCC 17603 could effectively improve the ability of sand fixation and wind prevention. These results indicated that B. tequilensis, first isolated from cyanobacterial crusts, can be considered as an ideal soil-fixing agent to combat desertification in arid and semi-arid areas.