Sensors, Vol. 20, Pages 378: Complex MIMO RBF Neural Networks for Transmitter Beamforming over Nonlinear Channels (Sensors)

The use of beamforming for efficient transmission has already been successfully implemented in practical systems and is absolutely necessary to even further increase spectral and energy efficiencies in some configurations of the next-generation wireless systems and for low earth orbit satellites. A remarkable capacity increase is then achieved and spectral congestion is minimized. In this context, this article proposes a novel complex multiple-input multiple-output radial basis function neural network (CMM-RBF) for transmitter beamforming, based on the phase transmittance radial basis function neural network (PTRBFNN). The proposed CMM-RBF is compared with the least mean square (LMS) algorithm for beamforming with six dipoles arranged in a uniform and circular array and with 16 dipoles in a 2D-grid array. Simulation results show that the proposed solution presents lower steady-state mean squared error, faster convergence rate and enhanced half-power beamwidth (HPBW) when compared with the LMS algorithm in a nonlinear scenario.