The Potential Teratogenicity Alert for Women Conceiving on Dolutegravir-Based Regimens: An Assessment of Risk Communication by an Urban HIV Clinic in Uganda and Choices made by Women (Drug Safety)

Abstract Introduction and Objective In May 2018, the World Health Organization and other regulatory authorities released a safety alert for dolutegravir related to a risk of neural tube defects among women exposed to dolutegravir at the time of conception. Models of how drug safety information can be shared effectively in the shortest time are necessary to prevent interruptions of public health programs. We sought to describe an implementation process to inform and support women already on dolutegravir-based regimens at the time of conception to make informed choices following the safety alert of a potential teratogenicity risk. We describe the choices made by women, as well as determine the factors associated with women`s choices to switch off dolutegravir. Methods A clinic response plan was developed in the first week following the alert and clinic staff were trained on safety guidance. All women aged < 55 years taking dolutegravir were identified from the clinic database and contacted by phone for earlier appointments. Non-menopausal and non-surgically sterilized women were referred for urine pregnancy testing and evaluation of pregnancy intentions in the following 12 months and effective family planning was offered. We describe the coverage of women who received the communication as well as the fidelity to the outlined plan from 21 May to 12 September, 2018. We used modified a Poisson regression analysis to determine factors associated with switching off dolutegravir. Results Of all active patients in the clinic, 9% (690/7963) were identified as female aged < 55 years taking dolutegravir. Ninety-five percent (656/690) were reviewed by September 2018 and informed of the safety alert, implying a high level of uptake. Fidelity to standard operating procedures was also high at 72%. Twenty-two percent (146/656) of patients were menopausal or surgically sterilized. Five hundred and ten women were of reproductive potential with a median age (interquartile range) of 37 years (30–42 years). Five percent (23/510) were human chorionic gonadotrophin positive and all initial ultrasound reports revealed no deformities. Twenty-one percent (108/510) had intentions to conceive and opted to stop taking dolutegravir with 90% (97/108) switching to efavirenz. Seventy-nine percent (402/510) opted to remain taking dolutegravir. However, only 40% (160/402) chose effective contraceptive methods and 60% (242/402) opted for condoms only/no contraceptive method. Conclusions A rapid well-coordinated response ensured prompt communication of the dolutegravir safety warning. The process developed by the clinic can act as a model for response during drug safety alerts. Women made informed decisions with most opting to remain taking dolutegravir; however, effective contraception uptake was low.