Energies, Vol. 15, Pages 850: Photovoltaic System with a Battery-Assisted Quasi-Z-Source Inverter: Improved Control System Design Based on a Novel Small-Signal Model (Energies)

This paper deals with a photovoltaic (PV) system containing a quasiZsource inverter (qZSI) and batteries connected in parallel with the qZSI’s lowervoltage capacitor. The control system design is based on knowledge of three transfer functions which are obtained from the novel small-signal model of the considered system. The transfer function from the daxis grid current to the battery current has been identified for the first time in this study for the considered system configuration and has been utilized for the design of the battery current control loop for the gridtied operation. The transfer function from the duty cycle to the PV source voltage has been utilized for the design of the PV source voltage control loop. The PV source voltage is controlled so as to ensure the desired power production of the PV source. For the maximum power point tracking, a perturb-and-observe algorithm is utilized that does not require the measurement of the PV source current, but it instead utilizes the battery current during the stand-alone operation and the daxis reference current during the gridtied operation. The corresponding tracking period was determined by using the transfer function from the duty cycle to the battery current and in accordance with the longest settling time noted in the corresponding step response. The proposed control algorithm also has integrated protection against battery overcharging during the standalone operation. The considered system has been experimentally tested over wide ranges of irradiance and PV panel temperature.