Energies, Vol. 15, Pages 5722: Development and Performance Verification of Frequency Control Algorithm and Hardware Controller Using Real-Time Cyber Physical System Simulator (Energies)

Frequency stability is a critical factor in maintaining the quality of the power grid system. A battery energy storage system (BESS) with quick response and flexibility has recently been used as a primary frequency control (PFC) resource, and many studies on its control algorithms have been conducted. The cyber physic system (CPS) simulator, which can perform virtual physical modelling and verification of many hardware systems connected to the network, is an optimal solution for the performance verification of control algorithms and hardware systems. This study introduces a large-scale real-time dynamic simulator that includes the national power system. This simulator comprises a power grid model, an energy management system (EMS) model, a BESS system model, and a communication model. It performs the control algorithm performance evaluation and the hardware controller’s response performance evaluation. The performance of the control algorithm was evaluated by tracking the power system’s characteristic trajectory in the transient state based on the physical response delay time between the output instruction of the frequency regulation controller (FRC), a hardware controller, and the output response of the BESS. Based on this, we examined the response performance evaluation results by linking them to the optimally designed actual FRC. As a result, we present an analysis of the BESS’s characteristic trajectories in the transient state, such as frequency, power system inertia, and power grid constant, and provide FRC response performance evaluation results at a level of 163 ms, by connecting the BESS installed at the actual site with the CPS simulator.