Unanswered Questions for Bladder Tumours Unresponsive to Bacillus Calmette-Gu&eaigu;rin (European Urology Oncology)

Non–muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC) is a disease with very heterogeneous behaviour. At one end of the spectrum are tumours with a negligible risk of progression, while at the other end are malignancies that progress in nearly 50% of cases. Individualised prediction of the risk of disease recurrence and progression after transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURB) is critical for precise tailoring of further treatment steps [1].